Application of Optoelectronic Hybrid Cable in Network Communication

在新时代的多样化需求中，光电混合缆的作用越来越重要，比如在5G小基站覆盖、直流远供方案、FTTA布线、智慧灯杆布线、数据中心高密度寻线、消费电子应用类线缆、海底光电混合缆等，都将有光电混合缆的应用需求。

In the diversified needs of the new era, the role of photoelectric hybrid cable is becoming more and more important. For example, there will be application needs of photoelectric hybrid cable in 5g small base station coverage, DC remote supply scheme, ftta wiring, smart lamp pole wiring, high-density line finding in data center, consumer electronics application cables, submarine photoelectric hybrid cables, etc.

1、光电混合缆介绍

1. Introduction to photoelectric hybrid cable

光电复合缆是指适用于宽带接入网系统中作传输线，是一种新型的接入方式，它集光纤、输电铜线于一体，可以解决宽带接入、设备用电、信号传输的问题。

Photoelectric composite cable is a new type of access method, which is suitable for transmission line in broadband access network system. It integrates optical fiber and transmission copper wire, and can solve the problems of broadband access, equipment power consumption and signal transmission.

世界首条光电混合缆是日本住友电气公司于1978年研制出的用于海底光电传输的光电混合缆。根据实际用途，目前光电混合缆可以分为管道型、架空型、直埋型、室内布线型、特殊用途型等多种类型，光纤芯数一般为2-144芯，电缆电压范围为从48V-110kV。

The world's first photoelectric hybrid cable was developed by Sumitomo Electric Company of Japan in 1978 for submarine photoelectric transmission. According to the actual use, at present, photoelectric hybrid cables can be divided into pipeline type, overhead type, directly buried type, indoor wiring type, special purpose type and other types. The number of optical fiber cores is generally 2-144 cores, and the cable voltage range is 48v-110kv.

光电混合缆比较明显的优点为

The obvious advantages of photoelectric hybrid cable are

（1）提供高带宽接入，同时解决网络建设中设备用电问题；

(1) Provide high bandwidth access and solve the problem of equipment power consumption in network construction;

（2）外径小，重量轻，占用空间小；

(2) Small outer diameter, light weight and small occupied space;

（3）具有优越的弯曲性能和良好的耐侧压性能，施工方便。

(3) It has excellent bending performance and good lateral pressure resistance, and is convenient for construction.

但是光电混合缆也有其局限性，比如：

However, optoelectronic hybrid cable also has its limitations, such as:

（1）现行标准中，光缆的架设都是按照“无电”或者“弱电”的标准执行的，光电混合缆可能不适合铺设在弱电管道中，施工规范需要进一步明确；

(1) In the current standards, the optical cable is erected according to the standards of "no electricity" or "weak electricity". The photoelectric hybrid cable may not be suitable for laying in the weak current pipeline, and the construction specifications need to be further clarified;

（2）光电混合缆带电，对于施工和维护需要注意触电危险；

(2) The photoelectric hybrid cable is charged, so attention should be paid to the risk of electric shock for construction and maintenance;

（3）“光缆无铜”的概念不适用于光电混合缆，如果按照普通光缆一样使用，可能发生光电复合光缆被偷盗的风险。

(3) The concept of "copper free optical cable" is not applicable to photoelectric hybrid cable. If it is used as ordinary optical cable, the photoelectric composite cable may be stolen.

2、下一代网络通信的发展

2. Development of next generation network communication

来自GSMA的预测数据显示，到2025年，全球将会有13亿人用上5G，5G网络覆盖率将达到40%，5G移动终端连接数将达到14亿。另一方面，统计数据显示，目前全球已有超过9.67亿用户家庭接入了宽带，49个国家的286家运营商发布了千兆宽带业务。智能家居，智慧家庭等创新性家庭业务的涌现，也将推动建构以家庭为核心的新型商业形态。

According to the prediction data from GSMA, by 2025, 1.3 billion people in the world will use 5g, the 5g network coverage will reach 40%, and the number of 5g mobile terminal connections will reach 1.4 billion. On the other hand, statistics show that more than 967 million households in the world have access to broadband, and 286 operators in 49 countries have launched Gigabit broadband services. The emergence of innovative family businesses such as smart home and smart home will also promote the construction of a new business form with family as the core.

可以预见，在不久的将来，我们的网络将会是“5G+光纤固网”的“双千兆”时代。中国的光纤网络经过多年建设已经较为成熟，但在网络覆盖存在如下两点“补盲”需求：个别区域网络未能全覆盖（如农村偏远地区），而这些地区可能电力供应也不尽完善；

It can be predicted that in the near future, our network will be a "double Gigabit" era of "5g + optical fiber fixed network". China's optical fiber network has been relatively mature after years of construction, but there are two "blind fill" needs in network coverage: individual regional networks fail to fully cover (such as rural remote areas), and the power supply in these areas may not be perfect;

• 在新一代网络需求下，对网络设备的覆盖密度有较大增加（如5G小基站密度比4G会有明显提高），而这些设备新增点的取电问题可能给设备布放带来困扰。

• Under the demand of the new generation network, the coverage density of network equipment has increased greatly (for example, the density of 5g small base station will be significantly higher than that of 4G), and the power supply problem of new points of these equipment may bring trouble to the equipment layout.

如上两个需求点对布线系统带来了新的诉求，而光电混合缆对满足这样的应用场景提供了较为合理解决方案。

The above two demand points bring new demands to the wiring system, and the photoelectric hybrid cable provides a more reasonable solution to meet such application scenarios.

3. 光电混合缆在下一代网络通信的应用

3. Application of optoelectronic hybrid cable in next generation network communication

在“双千兆”时代，网络对速率要求越来越高，对网络可靠性要求越来越严格，并且要求网络全覆盖，在新的组网形势下，光电混合缆在很多领域内应用需求，下面就列举其中的几个：

In the "double Gigabit" era, the network has higher and higher requirements for speed, more and more strict requirements for network reliability, and requires full network coverage. Under the new networking situation, optoelectronic hybrid cables have application requirements in many fields. Here are some of them:

3.1 5G时代小基站覆盖对光电混合缆的应用需求

3.1 application requirements of small base station coverage for photoelectric hybrid cable in 5g Era

伴随着5G 业务种类的持续增加、行业边界的不断扩展，业界预测未来更多的移动业务将发生在室内，5G 应用的高清视频、AR/VR、远程医疗、工业制造自动化、现代物流管理等主要发生在建筑物室内场景，需要更高的带宽来承载。为了获取更多带宽，室内5G引入了更高的频段（C-Band和毫米波），意味着更大的传输及穿透损耗，以及更加密集的组网，高密度的小基站建设将是5G室内场景建设的必然。

With the continuous increase of 5g business types and the continuous expansion of industry boundaries, the industry predicts that more mobile services will occur indoors in the future. High definition video, AR / VR, telemedicine, industrial manufacturing automation and modern logistics management of 5g applications mainly occur in indoor scenes of buildings and need higher bandwidth to carry. In order to obtain more bandwidth, indoor 5g introduces higher frequency bands (C-band and millimeter wave), which means greater transmission and penetration losses and more intensive networking. The construction of high-density small base stations will be the necessity of 5g indoor scene construction.

同时，5G时代海量的有源网络设备，将会对运维和系统的能耗管理带来新的挑战，而大量的小基站设备的取电问题将是网络建设单位必须解决的难题。而光电混合缆同时集成光单元与电单元，可以为小基站设备提供信号传输的同时，为小基站设备供电，是解决5G小基站覆盖难题的主流方案之一。

At the same time, the massive active network equipment in the 5g era will bring new challenges to the operation and maintenance and system energy consumption management, and the power supply of a large number of small base station equipment will be a difficult problem that the network construction unit must solve. The optoelectronic hybrid cable integrates optical unit and electrical unit at the same time, which can provide signal transmission for small base station equipment and power supply for small base station equipment. It is one of the mainstream solutions to solve the problem of 5g small base station coverage.

5G 室内小基站布线方案

5g indoor small base station wiring scheme

如上图是一种典型的采用光电混合缆进行小基站覆盖的组网方案， BBU为整栋楼或某个区域进行网络覆盖，Hub进行楼层（或多层楼公用Hub）覆盖，同时设置供电设备。Hub与BBU设备之间的垂直布线通过单模光纤进行连接，而Hub与小基站之间的水平布线通过光电混合缆进行连接，同时为小基站提供信号传输与低压直流供电，小基站侧无需再次取电。此种方案具备如下优势：

As shown in the figure above, it is a typical networking scheme of small base station coverage with photoelectric hybrid cables. BBU provides network coverage for the whole building or an area, hub provides floor (or multi-storey building public hub) coverage, and power supply equipment is set at the same time. The vertical wiring between hub and BBU equipment is connected through single-mode optical fiber, while the horizontal wiring between hub and small base station is connected through photoelectric hybrid cable. At the same time, it provides signal transmission and low-voltage DC power supply for small base station, and there is no need to take power again at the side of small base station. This scheme has the following advantages:

1. 集中配电解决小基站的分布式供电问题：通过在楼层设置集中供电点，通过光电混合缆供电，无需再为小基站设备提供电源供应，解决了网络建设的取电难题；

1. Centralized power distribution solves the problem of distributed power supply for small base stations: by setting centralized power supply points on the floor and supplying power through photoelectric hybrid cables, there is no need to provide power supply for small base station equipment, which solves the problem of power acquisition in network construction;

2. 速率能满足5G室内覆盖将来升级需求：单模光纤可有效支持10G/25Gbps速率要求，仅需配置不同速率的光模块即可，布线系统无需再次升级，下图为较为主流的光电混合缆截面图；

2. The rate can meet the future upgrade requirements of 5g indoor coverage: single-mode optical fiber can effectively support the 10g / 25gbps rate requirements. Only optical modules with different rates need to be configured, and the wiring system does not need to be upgraded again. The following figure is a cross-sectional view of more mainstream optoelectronic hybrid cables;

3. 施工便利：目前主流Hub设备与小基站设备都设置了光纤接口与RJ45供电接口，施工时可现场制作连接

3. Convenient construction: at present, the mainstream hub equipment and small base station equipment are equipped with optical fiber interface and RJ45 power supply interface, which can be made and connected on site during construction

综上所述，室内小基站覆盖方案，基于光电混合缆的组网方式能满足高速率应用要求，解决供电问题，在后续5G建设过程中将会有大量应用。

To sum up, the indoor small base station coverage scheme and the networking mode based on photoelectric hybrid cable can meet the requirements of high-speed application and solve the power supply problem. It will be widely used in the subsequent 5g construction process.

3.2 直流远供方案对光电混合缆的需求

3.2 requirements of DC remote supply scheme for photoelectric hybrid cable

随着4G/5G和宽带中国等策略的建设落地，通信光缆和设备不断地向用户侧延伸，远端基站、通信机房、用户接入点等的设备供电成为棘手问题，特别个别偏远地区，这一问题更为突出。光电混合缆直流远供方案有利于网络中电源设备的集中建设、运维。可同时实现高效电能与光信号的共缆传输，且建设成本低，运维效率高。

With the implementation of 4G / 5G and broadband China strategies, communication optical cables and equipment continue to extend to the user side. The power supply of equipment such as remote base stations, communication rooms and user access points has become a thorny problem, especially in some remote areas. The DC remote supply scheme of photoelectric hybrid cable is conducive to the centralized construction, operation and maintenance of power equipment in the network. It can realize the common cable transmission of high-efficiency electric energy and optical signal at the same time, with low construction cost and high operation and maintenance efficiency.

高压直流远供电系统的普遍做法为：电源由局端和远端设备组成，将机房内电源的DC48V电通过远供电源局端设备隔离升压到约200～400V直流高压，将直流高压电通过光电混合缆传输到远端设备处，通过远端设备进行电压逆变，变换到远端设备所需电压（如DC48V或AC220V）,为负载（RRU、光纤直放站、小宏基站、微蜂窝基站、ONU等设备）提供全天候免维护供电。此种应用场景中常规缆型为GDTA与GDTS，如上图。

The common practice of high-voltage DC remote power supply system is that the power supply is composed of local end and remote equipment. The DC48V power of the power supply in the machine room is isolated and boosted to about 200 ~ 400V DC high voltage through the local end equipment of remote power supply, the DC high voltage is transmitted to the remote equipment through photoelectric hybrid cable, and the voltage is inverted through the remote equipment, Change to the voltage required by the remote equipment (such as DC48V or AC220V) to provide all-weather maintenance free power supply for the load (RRU, optical fiber repeater, small macro base station, micro cellular base station, ONU and other equipment). In this application scenario, the conventional cable types are GDTA and GDTs, as shown in the figure above.

3.3 高密度布线中寻线需求对光电混合缆的应用

3.3 application of line finding demand to photoelectric hybrid cable in high-density wiring

针对信息化应用的支持平台，大型、超大型的数据中心日趋增多，而且对信息存储和处理能力的要求越来越高。综合布线系统作为数据中心信息化的基础设施，是数据中心系统网络运行的一个重要组成部分。面对大量线缆，如何进行有效的运行与管理，越来越多的受到大家的关注。为了解决这一难题，各厂家分别推出不同形式的线缆查找方案，其 中光电混合缆在这一领域不断地在发挥其作用。

For the support platform of information application, large and super large data centers are increasing, and the requirements for information storage and processing capacity are higher and higher. As the infrastructure of data center informatization, generic cabling system is an important part of data center system network operation. In the face of a large number of cables, how to carry out effective operation and management has attracted more and more attention. In order to solve this problem, various manufacturers have launched different forms of cable search schemes, in which photoelectric hybrid cable is constantly playing its role in this field.

为了实现对光纤端口管理与控制，可以采用电子配线架系统，智能光纤跳线由传统光跳线+1-2根铜线组成，配线架端口处集成LED灯，端口信息采集通过智能光纤跳线中铜线与LED灯线路通断来判断链路状态，从而指示端口状态。

In order to realize the management and control of the optical fiber port, the electronic distribution frame system can be adopted. The intelligent optical fiber jumper is composed of traditional optical jumper + 1-2 copper wires. The LED lamp is integrated at the distribution frame port. The port information collection judges the link state through the connection and disconnection of the copper wire and LED lamp line in the intelligent optical fiber jumper, so as to indicate the port state.

在网线寻线方面，布线厂家除了植入铜线采用LED做端口指示外，也有光电混合缆的备选方案：即在网线中集成塑料光纤，通过外置可见光源照射，在线缆另一端指示相应的线缆形态。

In terms of network cable routing, in addition to embedding copper wire and using LED as port indication, the wiring manufacturer also has the alternative of photoelectric hybrid cable: that is, integrate plastic optical fiber in the network cable, illuminate it through an external visible light source, and indicate the corresponding cable shape at the other end of the cable.

3.4 消费电子类运用光电混合缆

3.4 optoelectronic hybrid cable for consumer electronics

随着FTTH/5G的推进，应用带宽将会得到进一步的飞跃，高清视频会议/AR/VR/远程医疗/8K视频等将会逐渐进入人们的日常生活，而这些高带宽体验，传统的铜缆将很难满足应用需求，特别是铜缆的应用距离要求，将进一步限制传统铜缆在消费电子领域的进一步应用，因此采用光纤进行数据传输将会是消费电子线缆发展的主流方向之一。

With the promotion of FTTH / 5G, the application bandwidth will be further improved, and HD video conference / Ar / VR / telemedicine / 8K video will gradually enter people's daily life. These high bandwidth experiences, traditional copper cables will be difficult to meet the application requirements, especially the application distance requirements of copper cables, which will further limit the further application of traditional copper cables in the field of consumer electronics, Therefore, using optical fiber for data transmission will be one of the mainstream directions of the development of consumer electronic cables.

基于应用场景的需求，设备供电对线缆也提出了一定诉求，而光电混合缆集光纤与电源线于一体，可有效解决应用需求，且只需要敷设一根线缆同时解决通信与供电问题，为消费电子应用提供了较为合理的选择，较常用的连接器接口有USB3.0/HDMI等,与传统的消费电子线缆相比，具有如下优势：

Based on the requirements of application scenarios, equipment power supply also puts forward certain demands for cables. The photoelectric hybrid cable integrates optical fiber and power cord, which can effectively solve the application requirements. Only one cable needs to be laid to solve the problems of communication and power supply at the same time, providing a more reasonable choice for consumer electronics applications. The more commonly used connector interfaces include usb3.0/hdmi, etc, Compared with traditional consumer electronics cables, it has the following advantages:

• 体积小、重量轻、力学和和弯曲性能优良；

• Small size, light weight, excellent mechanical and bending properties;

• 光纤传输效率高，布线灵活，抗电磁干扰能力强；

• High optical fiber transmission efficiency, flexible wiring and strong anti electromagnetic interference ability;

• 同时可对终端设备供电；

• At the same time, it can supply power to terminal equipment;

• 可解决长距离传输问题（如商场、广告牌等）。

• It can solve the problem of long-distance transmission (such as shopping malls, billboards, etc.).

4、光电混合缆施工与安装注意事项

4. Precautions for construction and installation of photoelectric hybrid cable

在使用光电混合缆时，应该注意以下几项内容：

When using photoelectric hybrid cable, the following items should be noted:

1. 选用的光电混合缆必须满足相应标准规范，如：《YD/T 2159-2010 接入网用光电混合缆》及《QC-B-001-2013中国移动接入网用光电混合缆技术规范》等要求。

1. The selected optoelectronic hybrid cable must meet the requirements of corresponding standards and specifications, such as YD / T 2159-2010 optoelectronic hybrid cable for access network and qc-b-001-2013 technical specification for optoelectronic hybrid cable for China mobile access network.

2. 使用光电混合缆时应同时满足电力电缆设计施工和通信光缆设计施工规范：如 《YD 5102-2010 通信线路工程设计规范》；

2. When using photoelectric hybrid cable, it shall meet the design and construction specifications of power cable and communication optical cable: such as YD 5102-2010 code for design of communication line engineering;

3. 应尽量避免光电混合缆线路中的接续，3KM以内线路禁止接续，接续时必须使用光电混合缆专用接头盒，并做好防水处理；

3. The connection in the photoelectric hybrid cable line shall be avoided as far as possible. The line within 3km shall not be connected. The special joint box for photoelectric hybrid cable must be used and waterproof treatment must be done;

4. 光电混合缆成端时应使用专用成端装置；

4. When the photoelectric hybrid cable is terminated, a special termination device shall be used;

5. 光电混合缆线路尽量单独路由布放，采用PVC管进行保护；

5. Photoelectric hybrid cable lines shall be laid separately as far as possible and protected by PVC pipes;

6. 在施工过程中需要确保光电混合缆外护套的完好，施工完成后光电复合缆通电前需要测试输电导线对地、对铠装和金属加强芯的绝缘性能；

6. During the construction process, it is necessary to ensure the integrity of the outer sheath of the photoelectric hybrid cable. After the construction is completed, before the photoelectric composite cable is powered on, it is necessary to test the insulation performance of the transmission conductor to the ground, armor and metal reinforcing core;

7. 线路应由具备电力维护资质与通信维护资质人员进行定期检查；

7. The line shall be regularly inspected by personnel with power maintenance qualification and communication maintenance qualification;

8. 故障维修时应断电维护，并先将线路导体进行接地，再进行维护操作。

8. In case of fault repair, the power shall be cut off for maintenance, and the line conductor shall be grounded before maintenance.

5. 总结

5. Summary

在 “5G+光纤固网”的“双千兆”时代，网络对布线系统需求进一步多样化，光电混合缆集成光纤、电力线等功能，实现通信与供电一体，必将发挥越来越大的作用。同时因其功能的多样性，决定了电缆结构的复杂性

In the "double Gigabit" era of "5g + optical fiber fixed network", the demand of the network for the wiring system is further diversified. The photoelectric hybrid cable integrates the functions of optical fiber and power line to realize the integration of communication and power supply, which will play a greater and greater role. At the same time, the complexity of cable structure is determined by the diversity of its functions

但只要有合理的结构设计就可以更好地满足和实现复合型线缆的功能，在符合制造标准的同时降低制造成本，实现效益的最大化。

However, as long as there is a reasonable structural design, it can better meet and realize the function of composite cable, reduce the manufacturing cost and maximize the benefits while meeting the manufacturing standards.